ABSTRACT
Polymers .......................................................................................508 16.6.2 Component Properties ..................................................................508 16.6.3 Composition .................................................................................. 510 16.6.4 Structure ....................................................................................... 511 16.6.5 Interfacial Interactions .................................................................. 511 16.6.6 Modification of Interfacial Interactions ........................................ 511 16.6.7 Non-Reactive Treatment — Surfactants ....................................... 511 16.6.8 Reactive Treatment — Coupling Agents ...................................... 513 16.6.9 Polymer Layer — Interdiffusion................................................... 515 16.6.10 Soft Interlayer — Elastomers ....................................................... 516
16.7 Influence of Particle Size from Micro-Nano Meter Scale .......................... 518 16.7.1 Nanofiller Reinforcement ............................................................. 519 16.7.2 Specific Effect of Nanofillers ....................................................... 519 16.7.3 Ability of Interactions/Reactions of the Nanofillers
with the Medium ........................................................................... 520 16.7.4 Structural Organization ................................................................ 521 16.7.5 Geometric Characteristics ............................................................ 521
Vinyl polymers are derived from vinyl monomers (i.e, small molecules containing carbon-carbon double bonds). Vinyl polymers are the largest family of polymers. Vinyl polymerization is the linking together of unsaturated compounds (monomers) to make chain polymers as indicated through the scheme:
n[CH2ÓCHX] → –[-CH2[CHX-]n-
The α-carbon atom (CH2ÓCXY) substituted vinyl monomers produce highperformance polymers but the substances which are substituted on both carbon atoms of the ethylinic bond (RCHÓCHR1) show reduced polymerization.
