ABSTRACT
I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 645
II. Instrumentation................................................................................................................. 646
III. Equilibrium Isotope Effects ............................................................................................. 648
IV. Applications...................................................................................................................... 650
A. Glucose Oxidase....................................................................................................... 650
B. Tyrosine Hydroxylase .............................................................................................. 653
C. Soybean Lipoxygenase ............................................................................................ 655
D. Methane Monooxygenase ........................................................................................ 657
E. Cytochrome P-450 ................................................................................................... 658
F. Dopamine b-Monooxygenase and Peptidylglycine
a-Hydroxylating Monooxygenase ........................................................................... 660
G. Copper Amine Oxidases .......................................................................................... 662
V. Overview and Perspectives for the Future ...................................................................... 665
References..................................................................................................................................... 666
With the exception of specialized ecological niches, life on planet Earth is inextricably linked to the
chemistry of molecular oxygen. The range of enzymes that uses O
as cosubstrate is exhaustive and
includes those which activate and transform organic substrates through the direct insertion of one or
both oxygen atoms from O
,
those which bind recyclable cofactors that use O
as a two-electron
sink and generate hydrogen peroxide
and those which interconvert O
among its variously reduced
forms
:
O
O
O
O
H
O
O
OH
þ H
O O
H
O ð24:1Þ
Regarding cellular physiology, the most central of the enzymes in the latter class is cytochrome
C oxidase, the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic cells that couples the four-electron reduction of
O
to water for the generation of the cellular fuel, ATP.
