ABSTRACT
In the early 1970s, Berci and Gans reported the application of laparoscopy to pediatric surgical practice. The laparoscopic approach was initially used to evaluate testicular feminization, gonadal dysplasia, and precocious puberty and to distinguish biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis. Since that time, and particularly over the past decade, minimally invasive pediatric surgery has made great strides. Surgical procedures that once required large incisions are now being approached with laparoscopy and thoracoscopy. Improved technology in the form of better cameras, telescopes, and trocars has provided easier access into the abdominal cavity. As in adults, potential benefits include improved cosmesis, less postoperative pain, fewer adhesions, and a shorter hospital stay.
