ABSTRACT
Introduction............................................................................................................. 15 Three-Dimensional HydroArrays ........................................................................... 16 HydroArray Chemistry ........................................................................................... 17 Example of Focus Three-Dimensional HydroArrays ............................................ 20
In Vitro
Diagnostic Applications ............................................................................ 22 Protein Three-Dimensional HydroArrays .............................................................. 26
Protein Diffusion and Molecular Recognition: An Example of Antibody-Antigen Binding ...................................................................... 28 Protein-Protein Interactions.......................................................................... 29 Protein-DNA Interactions............................................................................. 30 Enzymatic Reactions within Three-Dimensional HydroArrays................... 32
Conclusions............................................................................................................. 33 References............................................................................................................... 33
The research unveiled in 1995 by Schena et al. started a new era of monitoring gene transcription [1]. The paper by Schena described the simultaneous measurement of the expression of thousands of genes using DNA microarrays. Although techniques such as Northern blot, RT-PCR, and RNase protection are typically and reproducibly used to measure levels of gene expression, they do not allow for simultaneous assessment of thousands of genes in a parallel fashion. As high-density microarrays became more prevalent, the role of the older techniques shifted from discovery to validation; now assays like Northern blots are used to verify data collected through microarray technology.
