ABSTRACT
A firm knowledge of cardiovascular physiology is necessary for the effective management of the critically ill. A complex interplay between compromised hemodynamic status, metabolic derangement, and preexisting cardiovascular disease is often present (Fig. 1). Thus, an appropriate diagnosis and treatment require an understanding of the cardiovascular signs and symptoms of acute catastrophic illness, as well as those associated with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Patients requiring intensive care and/or resuscitation frequently are unable to provide a complete history or cooperate for a comprehensive physical examination. Thus, the skillful use of the physiologic data, both invasive and noninvasive, is essential.
