ABSTRACT
I. Definition and Characterization of Adhesive Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
A. General Adhesive Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
B. Special Adhesive Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
1. Application Peel and Tack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
a. The Influence of the Coating Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
b. Peel Buildup/Peel Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 c. Static and Dynamic Dwell Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
d. Stress Rate-Dependent Peel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
e. Carrier Deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
2. Removability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
3. Adhesive Properties of Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
4. Adhesive Properties of Tapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
5. Adhesive Properties of Protective Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
II. Regulating the Adhesive Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
A. Regulation of the Adhesive Properties with the Adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
1. Regulating the Adhesive Properties of a PSP with the Chemical
Composition of the Adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
a. Tackifying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
b. Softening of the Adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
c. Crosslinking of the Adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
2. Regulating the Adhesive Properties of PSPs with the Adhesive
Structure or Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
B. Regulating the Adhesive Properties with the Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
1. Influence of Carrier Material Surface Properties on Adhesive Properties . . 323
2. Influence of Carrier Material Bulk Properties on Adhesive Properties . . . . 323
C. Regulating Adhesive Properties with Manufacturing Technology . . . . . . . . . . 323
1. Regulating Adhesive Properties with Adhesive
Manufacturing Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
2. Regulating Adhesive Properties with Adhesive Coating Technology . . . . . 324
a. Regulating Adhesive Properties by Direct or Transfer Coating . . . . . . 324
b. Regulating the Adhesive Properties with the Coating Device . . . . . . . 325
D. Regulating the Adhesive Properties with Product Application Technology . . . 325
III. Interdependence Adhesive Properties and Other Performance Characteristics . . . . . 325
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
(PSPs) are characterized by their adhesive, converting
Table 7.1 summarizes the main performance
of the PSPs and their components. It is evident, that for different pressure-sensitive products the
converting and end-use behavior have a specific character. It is astonishing that the general
adhesive properties of various product classes must be examined as specific properties also. For
different PSPs the level of the instantaneous and dwell time dependent peel force, the permanent
or removable character of the bond and/or its deposit free destruction are of quite different degrees of importance and are evaluated in a different way. For labels and tapes, instantaneous
adhesion, tack and peel are the most important adhesive properties. For the major part of these pro-
ducts, removability is a special characteristic. For protective films it is essential.
