ABSTRACT
I. Introduction .................................................................... 2 II. Fundamental Relations.................................................. 3
A. The System.............................................................. 3 B. The Interface ........................................................... 4 C. Gibbs’ Adsorption Equation, Adsorption
Isotherm, and Interfacial State Equation.............. 7 D. Sustained Equilibrium and Enthalpy of
Adsorption ............................................................. 10 E. Nonequilibrium Interfaces and the Gibbs
Free Energy of Adsorption.................................... 12 III. One-Component Adsorption......................................... 14
A. General Relations.................................................. 14 B. Langmuir Adsorption............................................ 16
C. Temkin Adsorption................................................ 19 D. van der Waals Adsorption .................................... 24 E. Surface Tension of Micellar Solutions.................. 26
IV. Solution Containing Two Nonionic Adsorbates .......... 27 A. Differential Adsorption Enthalpy......................... 27 B. Competitive Langmuir Adsorption....................... 29 C. Dissociation from a Solid Surface with
Independent Sites ................................................. 30 V. Adsorption from Electrolyte Solutions ........................ 32
A. Symmetrical Electrolyte: General Relations........ 32 B. Symmetrical Electrolyte:
Gouy-Chapman-Stern Theory............................. 34 C. Adsorption from Solutions with High Total
Electrolyte Concentration..................................... 37 1. General Thermodynamic Relations................ 37 2. Gouy-Chapman-Stern Adsorption ................ 38
References.............................................................................. 41
I. INTRODUCTION
Adsorption processes often dominate processes of aggregation and flocculation in solution. The aim of this chapter is to give a concise description of the thermodynamic background of adsorption including its relation to interfacial tension.
