ABSTRACT
References ........................................................................................................................... 32
The sorption (retention) of metals including alkali (e.g., K), alkaline earth (e.g., Ca), transi-
tion metals (e.g., Cd and Ni), and oxyanions (e.g., phosphate, arsenate, and selenate) on soil
mineral and organic constituents is one of the most important processes in controlling the
fate, transport, and bioavailability of metals and oxyanions in soil and water environments.
This review discusses various aspects of metal and oxyanion sorption on clay minerals and
metal oxides and hydroxides, referred henceforth as metal-(oxyhydr)oxides, including the
role of surface functional groups, types of surface complexes and products, macroscopic and
molecular scale assessments of sorption, surface precipitation, and the kinetics of sorption
processes.