ABSTRACT
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
II. Scale Up/Scale Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 III. Effect of Circulation Time and Spectrum of Shear Rates
on 10 Mixing Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
A. Gas-Liquid Dispersions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
B. Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
C. Solids Suspensions and Dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
D. Solid-Liquid Mass Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
E. Liquid-Liquid Emulsions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
F. Liquid-Liquid Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
G. Blending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
H. Chemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
I. Fluid Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
J. Heat Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
IV. Computational Fluid Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
The fluid mixing process involves three different areas of viscosity which affects flow patterns and
scale up, and two different scales within the fluid itself, macro-scale and micro-scale. Design ques-
tions come up when looking at the design and performance of mixing processes in a given volume.
Considerations must be given to proper impeller and tank geometry as well as the proper speed and
power for the impeller. Similar considerations come up when it is desired to scale up or down and
this involves another set of mixing considerations.
