ABSTRACT
Countercurrent-type fluid mixers are used in industry to make a variety of two-phase dispersions. A
common application is in liquid-liquid systems, in which there is a disperse phase and a continuous
phase. There are also systems where there may be three liquid phases, and the complexity of
predicting bubble size is of course correspondingly greater. In this chapter, we will talk about
two-phase dispersions and relate these to the common practice in macroscale, microscale, and
nanoscale. The so-called macroscale is more properly addressed as the milliscale and occurs in
bubbles ranging from 1 mm to several millimeter in size.
