ABSTRACT
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
II. General Approach to the Spray Pyrolysis Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
A. Spray Pyrolysis Processes in Periodical Ultrasonic Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
B. Precipitation Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
1. Droplet Size Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
III. Designing Structures in Spray Pyrolysis Under the Action of Ultrasonic Fields . . . 518
A. Designing of Powder Particle Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
B. Designing of Powder Particle Substructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
C. Coupling Level and Packing Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
IV. Experimental Results: Structures and Substructures
in Different Ceramic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
A. Calculations Related to the Structure and
Substructure Based on Theoretical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
V. General Approach to the Designing of Structures and Substructures
in the Presence of Other Periodical Physical Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
A. Full Density Particle Systems and Hollow Spheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
B. Designing Porosity Inside of Particle Systems and Thin Films . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
VI. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
Designing materials according to theoretically well-determined predictions has exceptional import-
ance for more precise definition of materials structures, preparing conditions for organizing structures
in a clear and predictable way. According to our research and theoretical models, only designing on
all levels, that is, designing of the structures from the base, gives results that show exceptional accord-
ance between theoretical expectations and experimental observations [1-4]. It is possible to create, in
various systems, completely controlled structures on different levels of hierarchy (starting from the
particles as a whole, down to their subelements or subparticles), in such way to be able to predict
the development of these systems throughout all stages of the synthesis process.
