ABSTRACT
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853
II. Preparation of Micro-and Nanocarriers with Encapsulated Animal Cells
or Biologically Active Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854
A. Polymer Materials for Bioencapsulation of Biomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854
B. Bioencapsulation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855
1. Bioencapsulation of Animal Cells in Alginate-Polycation Microcapsules . . 855
2. Emulsion-based Techniques for Encapsulation of Low-and
High-Molecular Weight Therapeutical Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
3. Layer-By-Layer Adsorption Technique for Encapsulation of Biomaterial . 858
III. Biomedical Applications of Polymer Micro-and Nanocarriers Loaded
with Biomaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859
A. Controlled Drug Release Systems Based on Nano-and
Microparticles/Microcapsules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 B. Development of New Vaccines Using Nano-and
Microparticles/Microcapsules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861 C. DNA Delivery Carriers for Preparation of Genetically Modified Cells . . . . . . . 862
D. Somatic Gene Therapy Using Implanted Microcapsules with Entrapped
Genetically Modified Animal Cells Producing Therapeutic Agents . . . . . . . . . 863
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864
Over the past several decades bioencapsulation has become one of the most promising techniques in
various biomedical fields. Bioencapsulation is considered as special techniques for preparation of
different polymer systems (hydrogel micro-and nanoparticles, as well as microparticles or micra-
capsules, etc.) with entrapped biomaterial, such as biologically active compounds (BAC) or alive
cells. As BAC we can use proteins, including enzymes and high-molecular weight hormones, pep-
tides, DNA and oligonucleotides, low-molecular weight antibiotics, and other drugs. Encapsulated
cells could be of different origin: micro-organisms, plant or animal cells, but we would focus here
only on animal cells. In this review, we would like to discuss several biomedical fields where
various natural and synthetic polymers are widely employed to prepare polymer matrices with
bioencapsulated biomaterial. In our opinion, a list of the most interesting and promising biomedical
fields where nano-or microcarriers are used is as follows:
1. Controlled drug release delivery systems based on nano-or microparticles/microcapsules. 2. Development of new vaccines using nano-and microparticles/microcapsules. 3. Elaboration of novel DNA delivery nanocarriers to prepare genetically modified cells.
