ABSTRACT
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is fast becoming a ubiquitous tool for secure, anonymous identification of individuals. Every day, people use RFID tags to gain access to otherwise restricted areas or equipment, or to quickly process their transactions at the gas pump. RFID technologies are even used for highly sensitive identification documents, including passports. However, with this ever-increasing use come the inevitable questions of security and authenticity. RFID systems have many potential vulnerabilities; of these, let us focus on the simplest physical-layer attack: the relay attack.
