Radioscopic Methods for Introduction of Pedicular Screws: Is a Navigator Necessary?

Before Harrington’s instrumentation, pseudoarthrosis in surgical treatment of scoliosis was approximately 40% (1). Harrington introduced rods and hooks, and pseudoarthrosis was reduced to 15% (2). Similar results were observed in fractures. Before this treatment bed-rest or plaster was necessary. With Harrington’s instrumentation, deformities were much reduced, patients gained earlier, mobilization, and patient care cost was reduced. But the problem of “flat-back” in the lumbar spine appeared with this instrumentation due to distraction.