ABSTRACT
The ability to manipulate the chemical and physical properties of bioabsorbable polymers makes them attractive materials for spinal reconstruction. Polymers may be used as manufactured devices (e.g., interbody fusion devices or pedicle screws), for reconstruction of hard tissue (e.g., bone graft substitute), and repair of soft tissue (e.g., disc repair). This Chapter focuses on the manipulation of bioabsorbable polymers specific for the repair and regeneration of the spine. The demands for materials’ performance create unique challenges with respect to development of bioabsorbable spinal products. Mechanical properties may be controlled by polymer molecular weight, polymer degradation rates, and/or reinforcement techniques used in a polymer-based repair composite. Biological properties may be adjusted by incorporation of bioactive molecules or surface modification. While degradation and concurrent replacement with native tissue is a significant advantage for bioabsorbable polymers, the degradation process leads to potentially harmful (i.e., acidic) byproducts. The generation of acidic byproducts and mechanisms to control this process is discussed. With the diverse and unique properties of bioabsorbable polymers, the interest in using these materials for spinal reconstruction will continue.
