ABSTRACT
This chapter summarizes knowledge about the refractive error, myopia, describes human eye growth patterns, describes how animal models have advanced our understanding of the visually guided mechanism that matches the eye’s axial length to its optical power, and discusses the genetic basis of human myopia. Understanding themechanism that controls axial length in humans is an important step toward the goal of learning how to treat myopia in humans by controlling axial elongation with pharmacological and/or optical therapies.
