ABSTRACT
Metal forming processes are mechanical processes, designed to make products from metal sheet or billets without removal of the material. It is one of the major technologies to manufacture metal products such as kitchen sinks (deep drawing), profiles (extrusion), tubes (roll bending), or panel sides for automotive applications (drawing/stretching). Forming technology consists of a broad spectrum of processes, which can be classified roughly in two groups [1]:
• Bulk or massive forming, where the work piece material undergoes large plastic deformation, resulting in an appreciable change in shape or cross section, usually without significant elastic recovery after deformation. Frequently used massive forming processes are extrusion, rolling, and forging.
