ABSTRACT
References 361
1. INTRODUCTION
Despite the expanding application of laparoscopy in general surgery, laparoscopy is not
yet widely performed by pediatric urologists. This is mainly due to a lack of laparoscopic
training. In the early experience, the indications for laparoscopy in pediatric urology were
unclear and unproven compared to the advantages of open procedures. Gradually,
indications are expanding from ablative surgery to major reconstructive procedures.
