ABSTRACT
Properties and Vibrational Modes ........................................................ 231 4.5.4 Electrode Types ...................................................................................................... 232
4.6 Aging ................................................................................................................................... 232 4.7 Uses for Piezoelectric Transducers .................................................................................. 232 References ....................................................................................................................................233
Piezoelectric elements are the heart of most ultrasonic transducers commercially available today. Their physical characteristics make them readily adaptable to active devices (sources of ultrasonic energy), passive devices (receivers), and combination devices (such as pulse-echo, as used in nondestructive testing [NDT] and medical diagnosis).
