ABSTRACT
I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 199
II. Preparations of SAMs and Types of SAMs ................................................................... 200
A. SAMs of Alkanethiols on Gold and Silver ............................................................ 200
B. SAMs of Alkylsiloxanes ......................................................................................... 201
C. Other Types of SAMs ............................................................................................. 201
III. Characterization of SAMs ............................................................................................... 201
IV. Introduction of Functional Groups to the Surfaces of SAMs ........................................ 202
A. The Synthesis of SAMs .......................................................................................... 203
B. In Situ Transformation ............................................................................................ 203
V. Chemical Transformations that Modify the Interactions between the
SAM and the Substrate ................................................................................................... 203
A. Using Electrochemistry to Desorb SAMs .............................................................. 203
B. Oxidation of SAMs and Other Systems ................................................................. 204
VI. Interactions of Proteins with SAMs ................................................................................ 204
A. Using SAMs as Model Surfaces to Study Adsorption of Proteins ........................ 204
B. “Inert” Surfaces ....................................................................................................... 204
C. Non-Specific Adsorption of Proteins on Hydrophobic SAMs ............................... 204
D. Biospecific Adsorption of Proteins on SAMs ........................................................ 205
E. Electroactive Proteins on SAMs ............................................................................. 205
F. Controlling the Orientation of Proteins on Surfaces .............................................. 205
G. Other Biomolecules: DNA, Lipids, and Others ..................................................... 205
VII. Controlling Adsorption of Proteins and Patterning of Cells; Application
of SAMs in Cell Biology ................................................................................................ 205
A. Controlling the Composition and Density of Ligands on the Surface .................. 206
B. Soft Lithography, mCP, and Patterning Proteins .................................................... 206
C. Patterning Cells ....................................................................................................... 207
D. Dynamic Patterning of Cells and the Patterning
of Multiple Proteins and Cells ................................................................................ 207
E. Directional Control of Cell Migration .................................................................... 208
VIII. The Bridge to Tissue Engineering .................................................................................. 208
A. Angiogenesis ........................................................................................................... 208
B. Patterning of Neurons ............................................................................................. 208
C. Coculturing of Different Types of Cells ................................................................. 209
IX. Other Applications of SAMs in Biochemistry and Biotechnology ................................ 210
X. Conclusions and Summary .............................................................................................. 210
References .................................................................................................................................... 210
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are materials comprising ordered monolayers of organic
molecules supported on solid substrates.
