ABSTRACT
I. Challenges in the Treatment of Periodontal Alveolar Bone Defects ........................... 437
II. Importance of Delivery Devices for Periodontal Tissue Engineering .......................... 438
III. Scaffolding Devices Used for Periodontal Tissue Engineering .................................... 440
A. Naturally Derived Scaffolds ................................................................................... 440
1. Allograft-Xenograft Biomaterials .................................................................. 440
2. Cell Occlusive Devices and Collagen-Based Materials ................................. 440
3. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Scaffolds ................................................................... 442
4. Calcium Phosphate-Based Ceramics .............................................................. 443
B. Synthetic Scaffolds ................................................................................................. 443
1. Poly(lactide-coglycolide) ................................................................................ 443
IV. Protein Delivery for Periodontal Tissue Engineering ................................................... 444
V. Cell Delivery for Periodontal Engineering .................................................................... 445
VI. Gene Delivery in Periodontal Tissue Engineering ........................................................ 446
VII. Future Applications ........................................................................................................ 446
Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... 446
References ................................................................................................................................... 446
Periodontal diseases are initiated by inflammatory responses to bacterial plaque biofilms, and
continue slowly, but progressively to destroy the structures surrounding the tooth root surface,
including cementum, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament. If the disease is left untreated,
tooth loss will subsequently occur. It has been estimated that periodontal disease afflicts
approximately 15% of the U.S. population.
