ABSTRACT
Mountain landscapes and ecosystems are considered highly fragile and vulnerable to environmental change1,2. These changes are driven by a combination of natural processes, such as ecological disturbances through avalanches or wild fires, and anthropogenic forces such as changes in economic policy or development3. One of the most prominent interfaces between human activities and environmental change is land-use. In the Alps, the socially, economically and politically driven transformation of land-use has exceeded natural changes both in amplitude and rate of change4.
