ABSTRACT

The separation of air involves more than thermodynamic calculations. It also involves the use

of equipment such as heat exchangers, valves, compressors, expanders, pumps, etc. The

individual operability of these items in terms of process efficiency and operating reliability

is of fundamental importance in the choice of any cryogenic process cycle. Moreover, much

of this equipment must operate in a reliable and efficient manner at temperatures well below

173 K (1008C).