ABSTRACT
Coelenterates, especially corals and jellysh, cause most marine envenomings. The Australian box jellysh (Chironex fleckeri) is the most venomous and deadly (case fatality rate [CFR] 20+%) of all toxic marine life. The re coral (Millepora spp.) is the most toxic Cnidarian; the blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosus) is the most toxic mollusk; and the crown-of-thorns (Acanthaster planci) starsh is the most toxic Echinoderm. Stingrays cause 1800 painful envenomings per year in the United States.
