ABSTRACT

Please recall our classification convention in which all parameters that appear in these equations are positive, the initial conditions are nonnegative, and the denominators are always positive.

Of these nine equations, Eqs(3.1), (3.5), and (3.9) are trivial. Eqs (3.4) and (3.7) are linear difference equation. Every solution of Eq(3.2) is periodic with period two and every solution of Eq(3.4) is periodic with period four. The remaining two equations, namely, Eqs(3.6) and (3.8), are treated in the next two sections.