ABSTRACT
Although the cardiovascular system and its parts do not always work as simple linear systems, they frequently work, similarly, and in some cases, optimally. One can only marvel at the amazing similarities that exist, structurally and dynamically, across a large number of mammalian species. These similarities occur in spite of grossly different body weights and social-ecological environments of the many different species. The constant biological transformations that occurred did not seem to alter these similarities significantly.
