ABSTRACT
Recent discoveries in cell biology have significantly advanced our knowledge of disease mechanisms. Newly developed techniques, coupled with advances in cell biology and polymer chemistry, are enabling the evolvement of novel tissue engineering approaches for the treatment of various disorders. Surgeons, who have traditionally used the tools of excision and reconstruction to treat patients, may now act as surgical gardeners who create microenvironments conducive to tissue regeneration. Our research team has isolated a novel population of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) that display enhanced regenerative capability due to their multipotency, self-renewal ability, and immune-privileged behavior. This paper presents evidence supporting the existence of MDSCs and reviews some current MDSC-based gene therapy and tissue engineering applications designed to improve the healing of various musculoskeletal tissues, including skeletal muscle, bone, and intra-articular tissues. This review updates readers on the foundational principles and current advances in muscle-based gene therapy and tissue engineering for the musculoskeletal system.
