ABSTRACT
The most versatile neurophysiological paradigms for the study of cognitive function in animals are those that involve recording the activity of neurons in awake and behaving monkeys. Techniques for recording in behaving monkeys were originally developed by Herbert Jaspers and colleagues (Jasper et al., 1960) and elaborated by Edward Evarts (Evarts, 1966; Evarts, 1968) in the 1960s. Conventional recording methods, based on these early developments, employ single movable sharp electrodes to isolate single cells in regions of interest. Cells must be recorded serially over many weeks to accumulate enough data to characterize the population of cells under study. More recently, systems that permit several sharp electrodes-from approximately 2 to 16-to be independently positioned have improved the yield and
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 169 Nonhuman Primate Models ........................................................................ 170 Multielectrode Recording Methodology ..................................................... 172
Behavioral Training ............................................................................................... 173 Preliminary Training .................................................................................. 173 Training for the Experimental Paradigm .................................................... 174
Microelectrodes ..................................................................................................... 174 Microwire Arrays ....................................................................................... 174 Tetrodes....................................................................................................... 176 Thin-Film Electrodes.................................................................................. 176
Surgical Implantation ............................................................................................. 176 Simultaneous Multichannel Recording .................................................................. 177 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................... 178
Principal Component Analysis ................................................................... 178 Independent Component Analysis .............................................................. 179 Discriminant Analysis ................................................................................ 179 Articial Neural Networks ......................................................................... 179
Example: Brain-Machine Interfaces ..................................................................... 180 Summary ................................................................................................................ 186 References .............................................................................................................. 186
allow the activity of several cells to be monitored simultaneously. Recordings of this kind, however, are generally restricted to a single cortical or subcortical site and can be maintained only for a short time.
