ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the impacts of anthropogenic on the biodiversity of alpine pastures in mountain parks. It focuses on pasture management and pattern, frequency, and intensity of livestock grazing across the protected areas of Nepal, effects of livestock grazing on wildlife and plant communities and effects of resource harvesting on local species. Nepal has been giving a high priority to biodiversity conservation for more than three decades by creating and managing protected areas, which cover more than 19% of the total area of the country. Two prominent and distinct ecoregions of Nepal include: Alpine shrub and meadow: Himalayan alpine belt grasslands or meadows are classified according to their locations, type of vegetation, and diversity. They include: Trans-Himalayan, Northern Himalayan, Western Himalayan, Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadow and Highaltitude cold steppe. In Nepal, the highland resource management is closely related to the local religious institutions such as the gompas and their administrators, the lamas and also the villages.
