ABSTRACT
There is no broad consensus on what countries make up the region usually referred to as the Middle East. Some geographers dene the region as Iran, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, and Yemen. Others include some of the North African countries, such as Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and Sudan. Still others stretch the boundaries farther in one or more directions, including in various schemes countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east and Greece and Cyprus in the west.
