ABSTRACT
Rational design of composite materials with nanometer-scale features can, in principle, be achieved in
two ways: (i) by structuring and dissecting larger pieces (top-down) or (ii) by assembling from smaller
structures (bottom-up). While top-down methods are usually better understood and more controllable,
bottom-up approaches are, in principle, favored if the structures are to be achieved in a very targeted,
unambiguous way.
