ABSTRACT
In recent years, there have been significant advances in the development of microscopic techniques with
high spatial resolution that are essential for a wide range of biological applications. The need for tools
that are capable of locating and characterizing and distinguishing features at a nanoscale level has
been the driving force in the growing field of nanoimaging. The advent of scanning probe micro-
scopy (SPM), such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) [1,2], atomic force microscopy (AFM)
[3-5], scanning confocal microscopy, and near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) [6-10], has
enabled imaging of biomolecules at a nanometer resolution.
