ABSTRACT
The nature of fluid motion and the intensity of turbulence during liquid steel processing are of considerable importance to the success of secondary steelmaking due to their significant influence on mixing, mass transfer, inclusion removal, refractory lining wear, entrapment of slag, and reaction with the atmosphere. Therefore, several studies have been carried out in the past two to three decades or so on the subjects of fluid flow and mixing in ladles, tundishes, etc. Among these, molten steel in a ladle, stirred by argon gas, injected through porous and slit plugs located at the ladle bottom, constitutes the most commonly encountered situation in secondary steelmaking. Extensive fundamental studies on fluid flow have been carried out on this system. Hence, this chapter first of all briefly mentions the basics of fluid flow and then takes up flow in gas-stirred ladles.
