ABSTRACT
Trauma has numerous dimensions, including tissue damage and loss of physiological autoregulation. Severe closed head injury produces a range of cerebral lesions, such as diffuse axonal injury; vascular lesions; contusion; and neuronal degeneration in selectively vulnerable regions. The immediate physical injury may be diffuse and microscopic, so symptoms or lesions are not detected by a neurological examination or radiological scans. The physiologically based symptoms may be ignored, misattributed to brain injury, or, in the absence of physiological evidence, incorrectly concluded to have no basis for the disturbance. Central nervous system injuries lead to an irreversible loss of loss of function due to lack of neurogenesis, poor regeneration, and the spread of degeneration. Striking the skull has many pathological consequences, such as pressure waves, skull fractures, and brain indentation. Structural damage and varied physiological dysfunctions occur after the immediate anatomical lesion caused by mechanical forces.
