ABSTRACT
Reproductive function in women can be compromised by exposure to toxic chemicals. In addition to a generally reduced quality of oocytes with age, more years of exposure to environmental influences can also have a potential effect. Indirect effects on ovarian function might result from altered pituitary output of gonadotropins. Endocrine disruption can be caused by reproductive toxicants via direct alterations in steroid hormone production or by interference with steroid hormone action. Successful ovulation requires appropriate follicular development, during which the follicle has passed through a number of distinct developmental stages. Throughout the reproductive life span, the total number of primordial follicles that become ovulated is small compared to the total population. As the follicle develops beyond the pre-antral stage, it acquires a fluid-filled cavity, antrum, formed by separations within the granulosa cell layers. The ultimate event associated with follicular atresia is the mechanism of physiological cell death, apoptosis.
