ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the history of disenfranchisement suffered by indigenous peoples and migrant farmers within national parks prior to the National Integrated Protected Area Systems Act. It outlines the policy shifts that led to recognition of rights in laws and in rules and regulations. The chapter considers interpretations of these policies by policy makers and influential sectors in the Philippines, and through a common property resources framework. It highlights issues and concerns that surfaced from experience in attempting to implement the new policy to and secure justice for indigenous peoples, and tenure for long-term migrants into protected areas. The chapter suggests that while conditions for collaborative management have been imbued with policy recognition and community-based management carries with it the premise of adaptability, a bureaucracy that is accustomed to performing a regulatory function must be convinced of its new role before there can be true adaptive collaborative management.
