ABSTRACT
Larvae are scarabaeiform (C-shaped, cylindrical). Color whitish (except at caudal end which may be darkened by accumulated feces). Cranium sclerotized, yellow-brown to red-brown. Antennae 3 or 4-segmented, penultimate and apical segment with sense organs. Ocelli absent. Frontoclypeal suture absent. Labrum trilobed. Epipharynx with complete, symmetrical zygum; tormae fused and symmetrical. Maxilla with galea and lacinia distinctly separate. Maxillary palpi 4-segmented; maxillary and mandibular stridulatory areas present. Abdominal segments 1-7 with 3 dorsal lobes, anterior 2 lobes with transverse row of setae. Spiracles cribriform, inconspicuous. Anal opening Y-shaped, surrounded by fleshy lobes. Legs well developed, 4-segmented, with welldeveloped claws, stridulatory apparatus lacking. References: Carlson and Ritcher 1974; Medvedev 1960; Scholtz 1990.
