ABSTRACT
Larva elongate, parallel-sided, straight; length 15-50 mm. Head prognathus and protracted, slightly flattened; stemmata of one large lens on each side. Antennae 3-segmented, 3rd reduced. Frons, clypeus and labrum distinct; labrum upturned. Mandibles with 3 or 4 teeth, mola absent; mesal surface with with an articulated setose process. Maxilla with transverse cardo, elongate stipes; palp 4-segmented; rounded articulated galea and lacinia. Labium partially fused to base of mentum; palps 2-segmented. Thorax with legs well-developed. Abdomen subcylindrical, sides parallel; sternae 1-7 each with a pair of coarse tracheal gills; tergum 9 with pair of fixed upturned urogomphi; anal slit Y-shaped between 2 prominent fleshy lobes. Spiracles biforous; on mesoand metathorax and abdominal segments 1-8; metathoracic spiracles nonfunctional. Larvae are described by Costa and Vanin (1998) and Lawrence (1991).
