ABSTRACT
The designation “higher temperature application” is somewhat relative, but here it refers to processes with furnace temperatures above about 2200°F (1200°C). The major applications considered in this chapter include furnaces and combustors used in the metals, minerals, and waste incineration industries. In general, the dominant heat transfer mechanism in those industries is thermal radiation. This is in contrast to lower temperature applications where both radiation and forced convection are often important.
