ABSTRACT
Progressively stringent emission standards have prompted the development of innovative technologies for the treatment of both municipal and industrial wastewater. Perhaps the fastest growing technology in the wastewater treatment sector, the membrane separation bioreactor, generally designated the (MBR), was originally developed as a response to the need to achieve process intensification and the achievement of tighter emission requirements. Recently, the process has been adopted for water recycling applications [1]. Water recycling has become a reality in many countries, for example, 190 million cubicmeter of treated wastewater is reused annually in Japan [2] and the trend is increasing as the demand for water is rising.
