ABSTRACT
From the moment that soil is consumed by or enters into contact with an earthworm, either superficially or internally, physicochemical and microbiological changes take place. Furthermore, when seeds germinate, they immediately come into contact with soil microorganisms, and as the plant roots grow, microorganisms promote changes in the soil physicochemical and microbiological environment. The three-way plant-microbe-invertebrate interactions that follow have profound effects on the growth and development of plants, soil microorganisms, and invertebrate communities.
