ABSTRACT
Time not only reflects the duration of human performance and the distinguishing features of external behavior but also specifies internal cognitive processes. For example, chronometrical studies play an important role in cognitive psychology (Sperling, 1960; Sternberg, 1969). Therefore, indices of time can be used not only as characteristics of productivity and efficiency but also as criteria for evaluation of internal cognitive processes and external behavior. The time factor becomes particularly important in those professions that have time restrictions. There is a traditional area that was known in the United States as time study. The founders of this field were Taylor (1911) and Gilbreth (1911). Further, this approach is sometimes called “work method design and work measurement” because the time of task performance depends on the method of performance (Karger and Bayha, 1977). This direction of time study is very useful for determining the standard time to perform a specific task. The preferred work method should be clearly defined (Barnes, 1980). However, according to the systemic-structural approach, these two steps have a loop structure organization. The preliminary preferred method should first be defined, and then the time performance can be determined. After that the method of performance can be reconsidered. Time study can also be used for evaluation of efficiency of performance.
