ABSTRACT
General Characteristics of Aggregate Materials ................................................ 200 Particle Shape ........................................................................................ 201 Particle Size ............................................................................................ 202 Gradation ................................................................................................ 202 Porosity and Permeability ...................................................................... 206 Bearing Strength .................................................................................... 206
Mineral Aggregate Materials .............................................................................. 207 Standard Gradations of Mineral Aggregate............................................ 207 Durability of Mineral Aggregate ............................................................ 209 Specifications for Mineral Aggregate .................................................... 210
ESCS Aggregate Materials ................................................................................ 211 Standard Gradations of ESCS Aggregates ............................................ 213 Durability of ESCS Aggregates.............................................................. 213
Recycled Aggregate Materials............................................................................ 214 Porous Aggregate Surfaces ................................................................................ 215
Appropriate Settings .............................................................................. 215 Appropriate Surface Materials................................................................ 216 Placement of Aggregate Material .......................................................... 217 Stabilization of Aggregate Surfaces ...................................................... 217 Maintenance of Aggregate Surfaces ...................................................... 219
Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Pedestrian Plazas................................................ 220 Wells-Lenny Office, Cherry Hill, New Jersey........................................ 220 Herty Mall, Athens, Georgia .................................................................. 220 Steelhead Park, Los Angeles, California ................................................ 222
Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Residential Driveways ...................................... 222 Medford, New Jersey.............................................................................. 223 Garden City, New York .......................................................................... 224
Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Parking Lots ...................................................... 225 Quiet Waters Park, Annapolis, Maryland .............................................. 225 Lincoln Street Studio, Columbus, Ohio ................................................ 227 Riverbend East, Athens, Georgia............................................................ 228
Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Work and Equipment Platforms ........................ 229 Electric Substation.................................................................................. 229 Plant Nurseries........................................................................................ 229
Porous Aggregate Surfaces in Playgrounds........................................................ 229 Vandergrift Park, Arlington, Texas ........................................................ 231 Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri...................................................... 232
Porous Aggregate Base Courses and Reservoirs................................................ 233 Porous Aggregate Filter Layers and Use of Geotextiles .................................... 235
Aggregate Layer .................................................................................... 236 Separation Geotextile ............................................................................ 237
Trademarks ........................................................................................................ 238 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. 239 References .......................................................................................................... 239
“Aggregate” is a generic term for any granular substance used as a construction material. Together, numerous granular particles make an agglomerated mass. In this book, and especially in this chapter, the term “aggregate” is used to refer to strong, durable, granular materials such as crushed stone, natural gravel, crushed concrete, crushed brick, and expanded-clay products. Other “soft” kinds of granular materials, such as biodegradable mulches, will be covered in Chapter 13.
