ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we present recent insights and strategies in using TCI as a new vaccine delivery paradigm. Topics discussed include (i) skin structure as related to immunology; (ii) methods for SC disruption, including Intercell’s skin preparation system (SPS) device; (iii) types of skin adjuvants used; (iv) recently published TCI applications; and (v) Intercell’s dry patch formulation technology for preparing thermostable vaccine patches for LT and influenza. Finally, we describe Intercell’s recent clinical studies using a dry LT-patch for the prevention and reduction of travelers’ diarrheal illness, and as an immunostimulant (IS) patch for a pandemic influenza vaccine candidate.
