ABSTRACT
Industrial projects have different characteristics from both management and technical points of view; for example, time is more important than cost. This principle differs from other projects. In addition, the industrial projects depend on different types of machines, cranes, vessels, tanks, and other specific equipment for each type of industry. These projects require concrete and steel structures for their equipment, which requires a special design procedure and philosophy, as these structures are at times under the effects of dynamic loading. Most industrial projects are located onshore, but many oil and gas projects have facilities and structures offshore and near-shore for activities such as exploration and loading of ships.
