ABSTRACT
Each architectural form varies in the ability of the roots to occupy the soil area immediately around the plant, as well as their capability to venture into the deeper portions of the soil proƒle.
Factors that restrict root growth, thereby impairing plant growth and reducing plant nutrient element uptake, include
• Disease and insect damage • Root pruning due to insect damage and cultivation procedures • Soil compaction • Soil acidity
• Poor drainage • Soil temperature • Element deƒciencies • Excess salts or Na • Low oxygen
Plant root function and the extent of soil contact will signiƒcantly in‰uence the growth and development of the whole plant. Any impairment of root function will be evident as a change in the overall physical appearance of the aerial portions of the plant. Surprisingly, few roots, if fully functioning, are all that is needed to supply most or all of the water and essential plant nutrient elements needed for normal plant growth.
