ABSTRACT
The mature follicle provides a discrete environment in which the final stages of oocyte maturation either occur or are initiated in preparation for ovulation. Likewise, the ampulla of the fallopian tube at midcycle presents both chemical and physical conditions favorable, not only for the viability of both sperm and eggs, but for their successful union and subsequent embryogenesis. But the conditions encountered in vivo by the oocyte between follicular rupture and the eventual entry into the distal tube, through the ciliary activity of the fimbrial epithelium, are transitional ones. During this process, the oocyte escapes the chemical influences of follicular fluid, passes into the rectouterine pouch, a collection point for blood, follicular fluid and peritoneal exudates and traverses the anatomical interface between peritoneal cavity and tubal lumen, a destination that is topologically external to the interstitium. The oocyte is well equipped for this journey with surrounding investments, the cumulus coronal complex complete with a newly secreted hyaluronan extracellular matrix that essentially “seal” the oocyte from direct contact with the transitional environment. Exposure to inappropriate conditions during this transitional period could, however, potentially disrupt fertilization and early development. Assisted reproductive procedures in humans are undertaken with a reliance upon the embryology laboratory to provide an efficient and safe transitional environment for oocytes from follicular aspiration until insemination. This chapter describes simple, reproducible procedures for ensuring oocyte health during oocyte retrieval, evaluation and transitioning into culture for insemination.
