ABSTRACT
In the past 20 years the use of gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound scanning has emerged as an indispensable tool in the assessment of pelvic structures, monitoring of follicular growth, endometrial development, and pelvic circulation in both natural and stimulated cycles. Additionally, procedures performed under ultrasound guidance, such as oocyte collection1 and more recently embryo transfer2 have to a large extent contributed to the simplification of IVF procedures, which has facilitated easier, more economical and affordable treatment.3 This chapter will review various ultrasound techniques that are currently in use, the value of performing a baseline ultrasound scan before starting infertility treatment, its use in the assessment of pelvic morphology and prediction of patients’ response to ovarian stimulation. Also, the use of ultrasound in the assessment of follicular maturity by assessing follicular size and perfusion, and the benefits of ultrasound assessment of the endometrial structure, uterine and subendometrial perfusion in the evaluation of its receptivity will be highlighted.
