ABSTRACT
Industrial water technologists use a variety of chemical additives to control corrosion, scaling and deposition, and microbiological growth. The chemical selection largely depends on various factors including water chemistry, system metallurgy, system operating conditions, and chemical compatibility with other formulation components as well as with cations present in the recirculating water. Typical deposit control additives including polyphosphates, organophosphonates, poly(acrylic acid) (P-AA), poly(maleic acid), and acrylic/maleic acid-based copolymers are used to prevent the precipitation and deposition of unwanted materials (e.g, mineral scales, corrosion products, biomass, and suspended matter). A variety of corrosion control chemicals (e.g., polyphosphates, organophosphonates, tolyltriazole, benzotriazole, lming amines, and oxygen scavengers) are used to prevent the deterioration of metal-based equipment such as heat exchangers, pipes, and pumps. In addition, oxidizing and nonoxidizing biocides are also used to control the formation and deposition of microbiological lms on heat exchangers.
