ABSTRACT
One of the great challenges of the Human Genome Project is the DNA sequencing problem, which is of the great importance due to the fact that it will be of great help in exploring the human biology. With the knowledge of DNA, one can prevent viruses attacking human health, disorders, and diseases. However, previous standard methods of sequencing have been labor intensive, ineffi cient, and expensive; for example, the total sequencing output was only about 200 million base pairs (bps) in the year 1998.
